Abstract: With the continuous advancement of digitalization, the complexity of optical signal processing has increased dramatically. Achieving multifunctional and switchable processing of optical signals on a single device has become an important research goal. Based on this, we have successfully developed a photodiode device based on chiral organic small-molecule materials. Under the conditions with negative or zero voltage, the device can differentiate circularly polarized light signals with different handedness with a high precision, exhibiting excellent performance in circularly polarized light detection. When switched to a positive bias state, the device exhibits a charge accumulation phenomenon at the interface layer, causing a change in the interfacial conductivity and thus generating a synaptic effect. The dual-mode switching characteristics of this device break through the limitation of the single-functionality of traditional optoelectronic devices. Its innovative design combines the optoelectronic synergistic regulation of chiral materials with synaptic biomimetic mechanisms, providing a multifunctional and integrated solution for fields such as optical communication, intelligent sensing, and neuromorphic computing. This device demonstrates the potential in driving the development of next-generation optoelectronic technologies.