Abstract: The rapid development of artificial intelligence demands the development of relevant hardware processing massive quantity of data. Neuro-inspired computing chips integrate a range of features inspired by neuro systems and could provide an energy-efficient approach to computing workloads involving big data. This article reviews the development history of neuro-inspired computing and generally introduces the genres of the non-volatile memory（NVM） devices based on their various applications. Then the article further reviewed the state of the art of the neuromorphic researches in which the NVM devices play the role of either the synapse or the neuron.