Abstract: Protein-based hydrogels possess the biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and cell adhesion properties of natural proteins. Moreover, by combining with polymers or adding other functional materials into them, it is feasible to improve their intrinsic properties or introduce new properties for protein-based hydrogels, which show great potential in the fields of wearable devices and biomedicine. For example, they can be applied in pressure/strain sensors, drug release, tissue adhesive and biosensors. This paper reviews the research progress of protein-based hydrogels such as silk fibroin, gelatin and casein. Firstly, the preparation and related mechanisms of these three proteins are introduced. Then, the performance optimization strategies of protein-based hydrogels are summarized, and the applications in the fields of wearable devices and biomedicine are discussed. Finally, the summary and prospects of protein-based hydrogels are shown to provide references for related researchers.