Enhanced power conversion performance of multi-crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules with half-cell electronic structure and optical gain structure

Multi-crystalline silicon（mc-Si） photovoltaic modules with a half-cell electronic structure and an optical gain structure are successfully fabricated on an industrial scale. The mc-Si photovoltaic modules exhibit enhanced fill factor and short-circuit current, resulting in high power conversion efficiency of up to 19.26%. The enhanced optoelectronic conversion is attributed to reduced series resistance loss by the half-cell electronic structure and enhanced light absorption by the optical gain structure in the mc-Si photovoltaic modules.